Yahweh and His nation—Israel
Yahweh is King of all His creations; He sits enthroned in the highest heavens, and He is the King of all the earth.
Of all the people who lived after the great flood, Yahweh in His righteousness chose Abraham, Isaac and Jacob to establish His everlasting covenant; and of all the nations that came into existence, Yahweh chose the nation of Israel to establish His kingdom on earth.
Of all the tribes in Israel, the tribe of Judah was chosen; and of all the houses in Judah, Yahweh chose the house of David for the Messiah to enter the world.
Genesis 49
10
The scepter will not depart from Judah,
nor the staff from between his feet,
until Shiloh comes
and the allegiance of the nations is His.
Yahweh appointed leaders in Israel to lead the Israelites so that they will walk in obedience to Him and keep His commandments. Moses was the first leader chosen by Yahweh to rescue the Israelites—with great signs and wonders—from Egypt; and Samuel, the last leader of the Israelites.
Yahweh was the king of Israel until the Israelites asked Samuel to appoint a king to lead and judge them like the other nations.
1 Samuel 8
4
So all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel at Ramah.
5
“Look,” they said, “you are old, and your sons do not walk in your ways. Now appoint a king to judge us like all the other nations.”
6
But when they said, “Give us a king to judge us,” their demand was displeasing in the sight of Samuel; so he prayed to the LORD.
7
And the LORD said to Samuel, “Listen to the voice of the people in all that they say to you. For it is not you they have rejected, but they have rejected Me as their king.
The Israelites persisted in their demand for a king despite Samuel's warning, so Yahweh asked Samuel to appoint a king to rule over them. Though Samuel anointed Saul to be king and ruler over the Israelites, he called on Yahweh to send thunder and rain so people will know that it was evil to ask for a king; and on that day Yahweh sent thunder and rain.
1 Samuel 12
16
Now, therefore, stand and see this great thing that the LORD will do before your eyes.
17
Is it not the wheat harvest today? I will call on the LORD to send thunder and rain, so that you will know and see what a great evil you have committed in the sight of the LORD by asking for a king.”
18
So Samuel called to the LORD, and on that day the LORD sent thunder and rain.
As a result, all the people greatly feared the LORD and Samuel.
When the people realized that it was evil to ask for a king, they pleaded with Samuel to pray for them; so Samuel counseled them.
1 Samuel 12
20
“Do not be afraid,” Samuel replied. “Even though you have committed all this evil, do not turn aside from following the LORD, but serve the LORD with all your heart
22
Indeed, for the sake of His great name the LORD will not abandon His people, because He was pleased to make you His own.
24
Above all, fear the LORD and serve Him faithfully with all your heart; consider what great things He has done for you.
25
But if you persist in doing evil, both you and your king will be swept away.”
Yahweh rejected Saul—as king over Israel—for rejecting the word of Yahweh made known through Samuel.
1 Samuel 15
28
So Samuel said to him, “The LORD has torn the kingdom of Israel from you today and has given it to your neighbor who is better than you.
29
Moreover, the Glory of Israel does not lie or change His mind, for He is not a man, that He should change His mind.”
Yahweh instructed Samuel to anoint David son of Jesse of Bethlehem to be king over Israel.
1 Samuel 16
7
the LORD does not see as man does. For man sees the outward appearance, but the LORD sees the heart.
13
So Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the presence of his brothers, and the Spirit of the LORD rushed upon David from that day forward.
After Saul's death, all the tribes of Israel with the elders came to David and anointed him king over Israel, according to the word of Yahweh made known through Samuel.
1 Chronicles 11
1
Then all Israel came together to David at Hebron and said, “Here we are, your own flesh and blood. 2
Even in times past, while Saul was king, you were the one who led Israel out and brought them back. And to you the LORD your God said, ‘You will shepherd My people Israel, and you will be ruler over them.’”
3
So all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, where David made a covenant with them before the LORD. And they anointed him king over Israel, according to the word of the LORD through Samuel.
Yahweh was with David wherever he went; He delivered him from all his enemies and made him the ruler of Israel. Yahweh established a covenant with David according to His word made known through the prophet Nathan: The kingdom of Israel and the house of David will endure forever before Him, and the throne of David will be established forever; the people of Israel will be planted and they will find a place—to dwell and call it their own.
2 Samuel 7
8
Now then, you are to tell My servant David that this is what the LORD of Hosts says: I took you from the pasture, from following the flock, to be the ruler over My people Israel.
10
And I will provide a place for My people Israel and will plant them so that they may dwell in a place of their own and be disturbed no more. No longer will the sons of wickedness oppress them as they did at the beginning
16
Your house and kingdom will endure forever before Me, and your throne will be established forever.”
Though David sinned in the matter of Uriah the Hittite, he repented; and Yahweh forgave his sin. According to the word of Yahweh made known through the prophet Nathan, David faced the consequences of his sin, but he did not turn away from the Most High; instead, he sought refuge in Him, and Yahweh delivered him from all his enemies.
David did what was right in the sight of Yahweh; he walked in obedience to Him and kept His commandments all the days of his life. Therefore, the covenant that Yahweh established with David is everlasting.
1 Kings 15
5
For David had done what was right in the eyes of the LORD and had not turned aside from anything the LORD commanded all the days of his life, except in the matter of Uriah the Hittite.
2 Samuel 5
4
David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years.
1 Chronicles 29
28
He died at a ripe old age, full of years, riches, and honor, and his son Solomon reigned in his place.
1 Kings 2
10
Then David rested with his fathers and was buried in the City of David.
According to the covenant that Yahweh established with David, after David rested with his fathers, his offspring—from his own body, Solomon, became king of Israel—and he built the First Temple in Jerusalem for Yahweh.
2 Samuel 7
12
And when your days are fulfilled and you rest with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring after you, who will come from your own body, and I will establish his kingdom.
13
He will build a house for My Name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever.
14
I will be his Father, and he will be My son. When he does wrong, I will discipline him with the rod of men and with the blows of the sons of men.
1 Chronicles 28
5
And of all my sons—for the LORD has given me many sons—He has chosen Solomon my son to sit on the throne of the kingdom of the LORD over Israel.
6
And He said to me, ‘Solomon your son is the one who will build My house and My courts, for I have chosen him as My son, and I will be his Father.
7
I will establish his kingdom forever, if he resolutely carries out My commandments and ordinances, as is being done this day.
1 Kings 2
12
So Solomon sat on the throne of his father David, and his kingdom was firmly established.
1 Kings 6
38
In his eleventh year and eighth month, the month of Bul, the temple was finished in every detail and according to every specification. So he built the temple in seven years.
Solomon, in his initial days, was faithful to Yahweh; but when he grew old, he followed other gods that were an abomination; so he did evil in the sight of Yahweh; and he was not devoted to Him completely—unlike his father David who was wholeheartedly devoted to Yahweh.
1 Kings 11
4
For when Solomon grew old, his wives turned his heart after other gods, and he was not wholeheartedly devoted to the LORD his God, as his father David had been.
10
Although He had warned Solomon explicitly not to follow other gods, Solomon did not keep the LORD’s command.
For the sake of His servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem, time and again, Yahweh relented to bring disaster on the kingdom of Israel:
Yahweh foretold the division of the kingdom of Israel
1 Kings 11
11
Then the LORD said to Solomon, “Because you have done this and have not kept My covenant and My statutes, which I have commanded you, I will tear the kingdom away from you and give it to your servant.
12
Nevertheless, for the sake of your father David, I will not do it during your lifetime; I will tear it out of the hand of your son.
13
Yet I will not tear the whole kingdom away from him. I will give one tribe to your son for the sake of My servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem, which I have chosen."
The word of Yahweh made known to Jeroboam through Ahijah the prophet of Shiloh
1 Kings 11
30
And Ahijah took hold of the new cloak he was wearing, tore it into twelve pieces,
31
and said to Jeroboam, “Take ten pieces for yourself, for this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘Behold, I will tear the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon, and I will give you ten tribes.
32
But one tribe will remain for the sake of My servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem, the city I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel.
34
Nevertheless, I will not take the whole kingdom out of Solomon’s hand, because I have made him ruler all the days of his life for the sake of David My servant, whom I chose because he kept My commandments and statutes.
36
I will give one tribe to his son, so that My servant David will always have a lamp before Me in Jerusalem, the city where I chose to put My Name.
38
If you listen to all that I command you, walk in My ways, and do what is right in My sight in order to keep My statutes and commandments as My servant David did, then I will be with you. I will build you a lasting dynasty just as I built for David, and I will give Israel to you.
39
Because of this, I will humble David’s descendants—but not forever.’”
Yahweh relented to bring disaster on Judah
2 Kings 8
19
Yet for the sake of His servant David, the LORD was unwilling to destroy Judah, since He had promised to maintain a lamp for David and his descendants forever.
Yahweh raised up Asa to make Jerusalem strong
1 Kings 12
4
Nevertheless, for the sake of David, the LORD his God gave him a lamp in Jerusalem by raising up a son to succeed him and to make Jerusalem strong.
5
For David had done what was right in the eyes of the LORD and had not turned aside from anything the LORD commanded all the days of his life, except in the matter of Uriah the Hittite.
Yahweh delivered Jerusalem from the Assyrians during the reign of Hezekiah
Isaiah 37
33
So this is what the LORD says about the king of Assyria:
‘He will not enter this city
or shoot an arrow into it.
He will not come before it with a shield
or build up a siege ramp against it.
34
He will go back the way he came,
and he will not enter this city,’
declares the LORD.
35
‘I will defend this city
and save it
for My own sake
and for the sake of My servant David.’”
Yahweh in His righteousness sent Israel and Judah into captivity and exile: The Northern kingdom of Israel was invaded by Assyria and carried into exile because the people persisted in the sins that Jeroboam committed. And according to the word of Yahweh made known through the prophet Jeremiah, Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, carried Judah into captivity and exile for their iniquities and the detestable sins of Manasseh. The exiles of Judah would serve the king of Babylon for seventy years.
Jeremiah 21
8
“Furthermore, tell the people, ‘This is what the LORD says: See, I am setting before you the way of life and the way of death.
9
Whoever stays in this city will die by the sword, famine or plague. But whoever goes out and surrenders to the Babylonians who are besieging you will live; they will escape with their lives.
Jeremiah 25
11
This whole country will become a desolate wasteland, and these nations will serve the king of Babylon seventy years.
2 Chronicles 36
20
He carried into exile to Babylon the remnant, who escaped from the sword, and they became servants to him and his successors until the kingdom of Persia came to power.
The First Temple was burned down and the city of Jerusalem was destroyed and became a desolate wasteland in fulfillment of the word of Yahweh made known through the prophet Jeremiah.
Jeremiah 21
10
I have determined to do this city harm and not good, declares the LORD. It will be given into the hands of the king of Babylon, and he will destroy it with fire.’
2 Kings 25
8
On the seventh day of the fifth month, in the nineteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign over Babylon, Nebuzaradan captain of the guard, a servant of the king of Babylon, entered Jerusalem. 9
He burned down the house of the LORD, the royal palace, and all the houses of Jerusalem—every significant building.
10
And the whole army of the Chaldeans under the captain of the guard broke down the walls around Jerusalem.
During the exile in Babylon, the prophet Daniel prophesied about the kingdoms that will rule after Babylon until the establishment of the kingdom of God on earth. According to the word of Yahweh made known through the prophets Jeremiah and Daniel, at the end of the seventy years, Medo-Persia conquered Babylon.
Daniel 2
39
“After you, there will arise another kingdom, inferior to yours
Jeremiah 25
12
“But when the seventy years are fulfilled, I will punish the king of Babylon and his nation, the land of the Babylonians, for their guilt,” declares the LORD
Daniel 5
28
Peres : Your kingdom is divided and given to the Medes and Persians.”
Even before Judah went into exile, the prophet Isaiah prophesied about Cyrus, whom Yahweh would raise up in His righteousness to rebuild Jerusalem and lay the foundation of the Second Temple.
Isaiah 44
28
who says of Cyrus, ‘He is my shepherd
and will accomplish all that I please;
he will say of Jerusalem, “Let it be rebuilt,”
and of the temple, “Let its foundations be laid.”’
Isaiah 45
13
I will raise up Cyrus in my righteousness:
I will make all his ways straight.
He will rebuild my city
and set my exiles free,
but not for a price or reward,
says the Lord Almighty.”
According to the word of Yahweh, Jeremiah's prophecy that the exile in Babylon will last seventy years, and Isaiah's prophecy about Cyrus were fulfilled when Cyrus, king of Persia, issued a decree and made a proclamation to build a temple for Yahweh in Jerusalem.
Jeremiah 29
10
This is what the LORD says: “When seventy years are completed for Babylon, I will come to you and fulfill my good promise to bring you back to this place.
2 Chronicles 36
22
In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, the word of the LORD spoken through Jeremiah was fulfilled. The LORD put it into the mind of King Cyrus of Persia to issue a proclamation throughout his entire kingdom and also to put it in writing:
23
This is what King Cyrus of Persia says: The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth and has appointed me to build Him a temple at Jerusalem in Judah. Whoever among you of His people may go up, and may the LORD his God be with him.
The exiles of Judah in Babylon, under the leadership of Zerubbabel, the governor of Judah; Joshua, the high priest; and the prophets, Zechariah and Haggai, returned to Jerusalem to build the Second Temple for Yahweh.
Ezra 3
8
In the second month of the second year after their arrival at the house of God in Jerusalem, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, Joshua son of Jozadak and the rest of the people (the priests and the Levites and all who had returned from the captivity to Jerusalem) began the work. They appointed Levites twenty years old and older to supervise the building of the house of the LORD.
Ezra 3
10
When the builders laid the foundation of the temple of the LORD, the priests in their vestments and with trumpets, and the Levites (the sons of Asaph) with cymbals, took their places to praise the LORD, as prescribed by David king of Israel.
In the first year of Darius, son of Ahasuerus, Daniel the prophet prayed and pleaded with Yahweh to bring an end to the desolation of Jerusalem that lasted seventy years and show mercy toward the people of Israel.
Daniel 9
7
“Lord, you are righteous, but this day we are covered with shame—the people of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem and all Israel, both near and far, in all the countries where you have scattered us because of our unfaithfulness to you.
17
“Now, our God, hear the prayers and petitions of your servant. For your sake, Lord, look with favor on your desolate sanctuary.
18
Give ear, our God, and hear; open your eyes and see the desolation of the city that bears your Name. We do not make requests of you because we are righteous, but because of your great mercy.
Daniel's prayer was answered and the coming of the Messiah—The Anointed One—to Israel was made known to him by a man named Gabriel.
Daniel 9
21
while I was still in prayer, Gabriel, the man I had seen in the earlier vision, came to me in swift flight about the time of the evening sacrifice.
22
He instructed me and said to me, “Daniel, I have now come to give you insight and understanding.
23
As soon as you began to pray, a word went out, which I have come to tell you, for you are highly esteemed. Therefore, consider the word and understand the vision:
24
“Seventy ‘sevens’ are decreed for your people and your holy city to finish transgression, to put an end to sin, to atone for wickedness, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the Most Holy.
25
“Know and understand this: From the time the word goes out to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until the Anointed One, the ruler, comes, there will be seven ‘sevens,’ and sixty-two ‘sevens.’ It will be rebuilt with streets and a trench, but in times of trouble.
According to the word of Yahweh made known through the prophet Zechariah, Yahweh would soon send His servant—The Branch—to Israel; therefore, He empowered Zerubbabel with His Spirit to finish the construction of the Second Temple, and gave charge to Joshua, the high priest.
Zechariah 3
6
Then the angel of the LORD gave this charge to Joshua:
7
“This is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘If you walk in My ways and keep My instructions, then you will govern My house and will also have charge of My courts; and I will give you a place among these standing here.
8
Hear now, O high priest Joshua, you and your companions seated before you, who are indeed a sign. For behold, I am going to bring My servant, the Branch.
Zechariah 4
6
So he answered and said to me:
“This is the word of the LORD to Zerubbabel:
‘Not by might nor by power, but by My Spirit,’
Says the LORD of hosts.
7
‘Who are you, O great mountain?
Before Zerubbabel you shall become a plain!
And he shall bring forth the capstone
With shouts of “Grace, grace to it!” ’ ”
Zechariah 4
8
Then the word of the LORD came to me:
9
“The hands of Zerubbabel have laid the foundation of this temple; his hands will also complete it.
Zechariah's prophecy reached its fulfillment and the construction of the Second Temple was completed in the sixth year of the reign of Darius,
king of Persia.
Ezra 5
1
Now Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the prophet, a descendant of Iddo, prophesied to the Jews in Judah and Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel, who was over them.
Haggai 1
12
Then Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest, as well as all the remnant of the people, obeyed the voice of the LORD their God and the words of the prophet Haggai, because the LORD their God had sent him. So the people feared the LORD.
13
Haggai, the messenger of the LORD, delivered the message of the LORD to the people:
“I am with you,”
declares the LORD.
14
So the LORD stirred the spirit of Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and the spirit of Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest, as well as the spirit of all the remnant of the people. And they came and began the work on the house of the LORD of Hosts, their God,
15
on the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month, in the second year of King Darius.
Ezra 5
2
Then Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and Joshua son of Jozadak set to work to rebuild the house of God in Jerusalem. And the prophets of God were with them, supporting them.
Ezra 6
14
So the elders of the Jews continued to build and prosper under the preaching of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah, a descendant of Iddo. They finished building the temple according to the command of the God of Israel and the decrees of Cyrus, Darius and Artaxerxes, kings of Persia.
15
The temple was completed on the third day of the month Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius.
Isaiah, during the reign of Ahaz, and Micah of Moresheth prophesied the birth of the Messiah who will reign on the throne of David and over his kingdom.
Micah 5:2
But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, who are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come forth for Me One to be ruler over Israel, whose origins are of old, from the days of eternity.
Jeremiah 33:15
In those days and at that time I will cause to sprout for David a righteous Branch
Isaiah 7:14
Therefore the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, the virgin will be with child and will give birth to a son, and His name will be called Immanuel.
The aforementioned verses in the prophetic Scriptures have revealed that the Messiah will be born in the house of David to a virgin; His origins are of old and from the days of eternity; therefore, He will be called Immanuel—God with us.
The construction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem mentioned in the Scriptures is an important event that occurred in Israel, for it was in preparation of the coming of the Messiah—The Anointed One—to Israel to accomplish the work entrusted to Him by Yahweh.
Zechariah 3
8
For behold, I am going to bring My servant, the Branch.
Daniel 9
25
From the time the word goes out to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until the Anointed One, the ruler, comes, there will be seven ‘sevens,’ and sixty-two ‘sevens.’ It will be rebuilt with streets and a trench, but in times of trouble.
Zechariah 6:12
the LORD of Hosts says: ‘Here is a man whose name is the Branch, and He will branch out from His place
Jeremiah 33:14
"Look, the days are coming"-- this is the LORD's declaration-- "when I will fulfill the good promises that I have spoken concerning the house of Israel and the house of Judah.
Isaiah 61
1
The Spirit of the Lord GOD is on Me, because the LORD has anointed Me to bring good news to the poor. He has sent Me to heal the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives and freedom to the prisoners;
2
to proclaim the year of the LORD's favor, and the day of our God's vengeance; to comfort all who mourn
Daniel 9
26
After the sixty-two ‘sevens,’ the Anointed One will be put to death and will have nothing.
Despite the captivity and exile of Israel and Judah,
Yahweh shall fulfill the promises that was made known through His prophets: A remnant shall return from the four corners of the earth and the kingdom of Israel shall be restored.
Jeremiah 32
36
“You are saying about this city, ‘By the sword, famine and plague it will be given into the hands of the king of Babylon’; but this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says:
37
I will surely gather them from all the lands where I banish them in my furious anger and great wrath; I will bring them back to this place and let them live in safety.
38
They will be my people, and I will be their God.
39
I will give them singleness of heart and action, so that they will always fear me and that all will then go well for them and for their children after them.
40
I will make an everlasting covenant with them: I will never stop doing good to them, and I will inspire them to fear me, so that they will never turn away from me.
41
I will rejoice in doing them good and will assuredly plant them in this land with all my heart and soul.
Jeremiah 33
7
I will bring Judah and Israel back from captivity and will rebuild them as they were before.
8
I will cleanse them from all the sin they have committed against me and will forgive all their sins of rebellion against me.
According to the word of Yahweh made known through the prophet Jeremiah, the covenant that Yahweh made with David is an everlasting covenant.
Jeremiah 33
17
For this is what the LORD says: ‘David will never fail to have a man to sit on the throne of Israel,
18
nor will the Levitical priests ever fail to have a man to stand before me continually to offer burnt offerings, to burn grain offerings and to present sacrifices.’”
At the time the kingdom of Israel will be restored and the kingdom of God will be established on earth, the Messiah—The Branch,The Anointed One shall build the Temple of Yahweh, and He will be a priest clothed with majesty, and He will sit and reign on the throne of David and administer justice and righteousness.
Daniel 7:13
He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into His presence.
Daniel 7:14
And He was given dominion, glory, and kingship,
that the people of every nation and language
should serve Him.
Daniel 7:13
and I saw One like a Son of Man coming with the clouds of heaven.
Zechariah 6
13
It is he who will build the temple of the LORD, and he will be clothed with majesty and will sit and rule on his throne. And he will be a priest on his throne.
Psalm 110:4
The LORD has sworn
and will not change His mind:
“You are a priest forever
in the order of Melchizedek.”
Psalm 8:5
and crowned him with glory and honor.
Ezekiel 37
22
I will make them one nation in the land, on the mountains of Israel, and one king will rule over all of them.
Ezekiel 37
25
They will live in the land I gave to my servant Jacob, the land where your ancestors lived. They and their children and their children’s children will live there forever
Isaiah 9:7
Of the increase of His government and peace there will be no end. He will reign on the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish and sustain it with justice and righteousness from that time and forevermore. The zeal of the LORD of Hosts will accomplish this.
The Messiah shall rule over the kingdom of God on earth until Yahweh comes and dwells amongst His people in Israel.
Genesis 49
10
The scepter will not depart from Judah,
nor the staff from between his feet,
until Shiloh comes
and the allegiance of the nations is His.
Zechariah 8:3
This is what the LORD says: “I will return to Zion and dwell in Jerusalem. Then Jerusalem will be called the City of Truth, and the mountain of the LORD of Hosts will be called the Holy Mountain.”
Ezekiel 37:27
My dwelling place will be with them; I will be their God, and they will be My people.
Ezekiel 37:28
Then the nations will know that I the LORD sanctify Israel, when My sanctuary is among them forever.
Who is the Messiah? How can the Messiah be put to death, and yet reign on the throne of David until Yahweh comes to Israel?
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